PERADABAN EKONOMI PADA MASA DINASTI ABBASIYAH

Abstract

Islamic history has a deep meaning for a culture, starting from the emergence, development, to the destruction of a caliphate. After the collapse of the Umayyad dynasty under the leadership of Marwan bin Muhammad (745 AD) in Damascus. A very influential dynasty appeared in Islamic civilization to bring Islam to its golden peak, namely the Abbasid dynasty. By using the literature review method which consists of a number of journals, books and other sources. This article examines how Islamic civilization was in the economic field during the Abbasid dynasty. That during the time of the Abbasid Caliphate, Islam was known to be rich in scientific developments with the emergence of various Muslim figures and the largest library, because the main focus of the Abbasid Caliphate was the development of science and the economy, not expanding territory. The economic activities that were carried out during the Abbasid period were industrialization, trade, agriculture and plantations which were fully supported by the government, so that these activities became the main source of income apart from taxes which were managed by the government. Dinars, dirhams and checks were instruments of payment in economic activities at that time. This study concludes that Islamic civilization during the Abbasid dynasty in the form of scientific developments had a very rapid impact on development and economic development, Baghdad became a city of world-famous civilization. However, the dynasty that was strong for five centuries had to experience decline and destruction due to various internal and external factors.

Sejarah Islam memiliki makna yang mendalam bagi suatu kebudayaan, bermula dari kemunculan, perkembangan, hingga kehancuran sebuah kekhalifahan. Pasca keruntuhan dinasti Umayyah dalam kepemimpinan Marwan bin Muhammad (745 M) di Damaskus. Muncul satu dinasti yang sangat berpengaruh dalam peradaban Islam hingga membawa Islam mencapai puncak keemasaannya yakni Dinasti Abbasiyah. Dengan menggunakan metode kajian pustaka yang terdiri dari sejumlah jurnal, buku dan sumber lainnya. Artikel ini mengkaji bagaimana peradaban Islam dalam bidang ekonomi pada masa dinasti Abbasiyah. Bahwa pada masa kekhalifahan Abbasiyah Islam dikenal kaya akan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dengan muncul berbagai tokoh muslim dan perpusatakaan terbesar, karena fokus utama dari kekhalifahan Abbasiyah adalah pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan perekonomian, bukan perluasan wilayah. Kegiatan perekonomian yang digeluti pada masa Abbasiyah adalah industrialisasi, perdagangan, pertanian dan perkebunan yang didukung penuh oleh pemerintah, sehingga kegiatan tersebut menjadi sumber pengasilan utama selain dari pajak yang dikelola oleh pemerintahan. Dinar, dirham dan cek merupakan alat pembayaran dalam kegiatan perekonomian pada masa itu. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa peradaban Islam pada masa dinasti Abbasiyah berupa perkembangan ilmu penegtahuan sangat berdampak pada pembangunan dan perkembangan ekonomi yang sangat pesat, Baghdad menjadi kota peradaban yang terkenal di dunia. Namun dinasti yang kokoh hingga lima abad itu harus mengalami kemunduran dan kehancuran karena berbagai faktor internal dan eksternal.